SCOPE OF HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT (HRM)

According to Dale Yoder the scope of Human Resource Management is very wide. It consists of the following functions.

•  Setting general and management policy for organizational relationships, and establishing and maintaining a suitable organization for leadership and co-operation.
• Collective bargaining, contract negotiation, contract administration and grievance handling.
• Staffing the organization, identifying, securing and positioning and grievance handling.
• Aiding in the self-development of employees at all levels providing opportunities for personal development and growth as well as for acquiring requisite skill and experience.

The institute of Personnel Management (IIPM) has described the scope of Human Resource Management into the following aspects: 

The Labour or Personnel Aspects:

            It is concerned with manpower planning , recruitment, selection, placement, induction, transfer, promotion, demotion, termination, training, and development, lay off and retrenchment, wage and salary administration, incentives, productivity, etc. 

The Welfare aspect:

           This aspect is concerned with the working conditions and amenities such as canteens, restrooms, lunch rooms, housing, transportation, education, medical help, health and safety, washing facilities, recreation and cultural facilities, etc. 

The Industrial Relating Aspect : 

           This is concerned with the company’s relations with the employees. It includes union-management relation, negotiating, collective bargaining, grievance handling, disciplinary actions, participative management settlement of industrial disputes, etc. All the above aspects are concerned with human element in industry as distinct from the mechanical element.   

FUNCTIONS OF HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT (HRM)

          Every organization has certain functions to perform. These functions of Human resources management can broadly be classified into two categories such as Managerial Functions and Operative Functions. 

  

     Managerial Functions of HRM:

                Managing people is the essence of being a Manager. Like other managers, a human resource manager performs the functions of planning, organizing, directing and controlling.

•  Planning:

                A plan is a pre-determined course of action. Planning is a process of deciding the goals and formulating policies and programs to achieve the goals. Planning involves forecasting and research. It helps to face successfully the changes those are likely to take place in future without planning the events, which are left to chance? It is the Means to manage change. Planning today avoid crisis tomorrow. 

         In the area of human resource management, planning involves deciding personal goals, formulating personnel policies and programs preparing the human resources budget etc. 

·      Organizing:
              In order to implement the plans, a sound organization structure is required. Organizing is the process of allocation tasks among its people and integrating their activities towards the common objectives. The right organization structure is the foundation of effective management because without it the best performance in all other areas will be ineffective. Organization is the frame through which management directs controls and co-ordinates the efforts of the people.

·      Directing:              

          Directing is the process of motivating, activating, leading and supervising people. Directing includes all those activities by which a manager influences the action of subordinates. It is the heart of the management process because it is concerned with initiating action. It helps to secure the willing and effective co-operation of employees for attaining organizational goals. A manager can tap the maximum potential of employees through proper direction. It also helps in building sound individual and human relations in the organization.      

·      Controlling:               

          It implies checking, verifying and regulating to ensure that everything occurs in conformity with the plans adopted and instructions issued. Such monitoring plans helps to minimize the gap between desire results and actual performance involves auditing training programs, analysing labour turnover records, directing morale survey, conducting separation interviews and many other means. 

                                          

  Operative Functions of HRM:

              The operative or service functions of human resources management are the tasks which are entrusted to the personnel department? These functions are concerned with specific activities of procuring, developing, compensating and maintaining an efficient work force.

·      Procurement Function:  

               It is concerned with securing and employing the right kind and proper number of people required for accomplishing the organizational objectives. It consists of activities like Job Analysis, Human Resource Planning, Recruitment, Selection, Induction and placement.

·      Development Function: 

               Human Resource Development is the process of improving the knowledge, skills, aptitudes and values of employees so that they can perform the present and future jobs easily and more effectively. This function comprises activities like Performance and potential appraisal, training, executive development and career planning and development.

·      Compensation Function: 

                It refers to providing equitable and fair remuneration to employees for their contribution to the attainment of organizational objectives. It consists of activities like Job Evaluation, Wage and Salary Administration incentives, Bonus etc.

·      Integration & Maintenance Functions:  

                It is the process of reconciling the goals of the organization with those of its members. It involves motivating employees through financial and non-financial incentives, providing job satisfaction, handling employees grievances timely through formal grievance procedures, collective bargaining, workers participation in management, conflict resolution.

              Developing the sound human relations, employee counselling, improving the quality of work etc. Maintenance concerned with protecting and promoting the physical and mental health of employees.

CONCEPTS OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT(HRM)

           Human Resources Management (HRM) can be defined ad a set of policies, practices, and programs built to maximize both personal and organizational goals.

          According to National Institute of Personnel Management of India, “personnel management or HRM is that a part of management related to people at work and with their relationships inside the organization. It seeks to bring together men and women who constitute an enterprise, allowing each in making their own best contribution to its success both as an individual and as a member of a working group”.

          In the other words  “personal management or HRM can be defined as that field of management which includes about planning, organizing and controlling the functions of procuring, developing, maintaining and using a work force.

The following are the main concepts of Human Resource Management

• Objectives for which the organization is made are achieved economically and effectively 
• Objectives of all levels of personnel are served to the optimum possible degree and 
• Objectives of society are properly considered and served.

   

FEATURES or CHARACTERISTICS or NATURE OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (HRM)

The following are the important features of Human Resource Management or Personnel Management or HRM.

• Human resources of the organization consumed the goods of the biological inheritance and interactions with the environment.
• Human resources are heterogeneous.
• Human resources are dynamic and behave differently.
• Human resources are the most significant aspect in an organization.
• HRM involves management functions like planning,organising,directing and controlling.
• Human Resource Management involves procurement,development,maintenance of human resource.
• Human Resource Management helps to achieve individual,organisational and social objectives.
• HRM is a mighty disciplinary subject, It includes the study of management psychology communication,economics and sociology.
• HRM involves team spirit and team work.

                   Human resources Management(HRM) has the greatest potential to develop and grow if the right climate is provided to them. The word HRM is wider than the term personnel. Human resources including all the dynamic components of all the people at all levels in the organization whereas personnel mean the workers employed in an organization. 

HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (HRM)

 What is an organization?

                   Organizations comprise of people and function through efforts of an individual. Without people organizations cannot exits. The resource of men, money, materials and machinery are collected, co-ordinated and utilized through people. These resources by themselves cannot fulfil the objectives of an organization. They should be united into a team. It is through the combined efforts no organization can achieve its goals.

  
Definitions of Human Resource Management (HRM)   

          "Human Resource Management or Personnel Management or HRM can be defined as planning, organizing, directing and controlling of the procurement, development, compensation, integration, maintenance and separation of human resources to the end that individual,organizational and social objectives are achieved."
                                                                                           - Edwin Flippo 

           "HRM is a process comprising four functions - acquisitions, development, Motivation and maintenance of Human Resources."
                                                                                           -Robins & Duecento

        “ Business houses are built or broken over time not by markets capital, patents or equipments but by men”. From the national view point Human resources management may be defined as “the knowledge, skills, creative abilities, talents and aptitudes obtained from the population”.                                                                                            
                                                                                            -L.F. Uric

                                Human Resources Management (HRM) can be defined as managing (planning,organising,directing and controlling) the functions of employing,developing and compensating to human resources resulting in creation and development of human relations with a view to contribute proportionately to the organisational,individual and social goals.

                               In the view point of an organization, human resources represent the individuals at work. According to Juices, human resources or human factors refers to “a whole consisting of interrelated, interdependent and interacting physiological, sociological and ethical components”. Thus human resources represent the quantitative and qualitative measurement of the work force required in an organization.